TOOTH DECAY

This is also known as dental caries or cavities. It is one of the most common and widespread persistent diseases today and is also one of the most preventable. Tooth decay occurs as a result of the action of the bacteria found in the teeth. This Bacterium which is a normal flora of the teeth produces acid that breaks down food particles or sugar (which are its’ primary source of energy) found on the surface of the teeth. The acid ends up dissolving the hard tissue of the teeth thereby causing the teeth to rupture and decay.

Tooth decay is also associated with receding gums resulting in exposure of the roots of the teeth.

Prevention of Tooth decay includes;

• Regular cleaning of the teeth. Brush the teeth at least twice per day.
•  Consume diets low in sugar.
• Flossing regularly after brushing especially if you’re frequently eating or drinking sugary foods or drinks.

Various treatments can be used to restore the tooth to proper function or the tooth may be removed. There is no known method to grow back large amounts of tooth. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen may be taken for pain.

The four (4) main treatments for Tooth decay usually carried out by a dental professional include;

• Fillings: This is usually the most common form of treatment for the disease. A dental professional drill into the affected area(s) of the teeth, removes the decayed material inside the prepared cavity, and packs this empty space with an appropriate dental filling material.
• Crowns: Crowns are only used when a large proportion of the tooth is destroyed by the disease. When tooth decay leads to the need for large fillings, the tooth becomes more disposed to cracks and eventually breaking. The dentist would attempt to salvage the remaining tooth, repair it, and finally fit the tooth with an alloy or porcelain crown covering.
•  Root Canal: As tooth decay progresses through the enamel and settles in the center of the tooth, it may even advance further and damage the nerves, which are in the root. A dental professional would remove the damaged or dead nerve with the surrounding blood vessel tissue (pulp) and fill the area. The procedure usually ends with the dentist placing a crown over the affected area.
• Extraction: In cases where the tooth is damaged beyond repair, it must be extracted if there is risk of infection spreading to the jaw bone. The removal of some teeth may affect the alignment of those left in the mouth, so it is recommended that a partial denture, bridge, or implant be inserted in those edentulous areas and not left empty.